
The Outliner is a hierarchical diagram displaying a list of data in Blender and its dependencies. The SHIFT+F4 'databrowse' doesn't really show it, and 'Oops Schematic' is too chaotic still. And most of all, the former two don't offer much functionality.
The work was initiated after discussions with Matt Ebb, who came with this design proposal;
mke3.net/blender/interface/layout/outliner/
Which is closely being followed for the implementation.
The Outliner is the new default viewing mode of the "OOPS Schematic" window, renamed to "Outliner" for the 2.35 release. You can still switch to "OOPS Schematic" in the "View" pulldown menu there.
You can also directly enforce an outliner with ALT+SHIFT+F9, without ALT it either shows Outliner or old Oops view, based on what you've set previously.
The Outliner tree display (what is open or closed) is saved in .blend files, so it will always come back as you edited it.
In this screenshot you can see a visualization of a small scene. The display is hierarchical in two ways;
- It creates subtrees for linked data blocks (e.g. Object->Mesh->Material)
- It creates subtrees for the Object hierarchy
The Object parenting hierarchy is drawn with helper lines, to separate it clearly from data block subtrees.
Window header
In the window header you find a menu button with options what the Outliner can show:
The "View" Pulldown menu has the view options as also mentioned below as hotkeys.

Manipulating the tree
Activating and selecting data
Each item is visualized with an icon and its name. When an item is closed, it also draws a summary of its subtree with icons only.
Left-mouse click on any icon and/or the name always activates the associated Object and Scene, and does based on type a couple of extra things:
Rename
Hold CTRL while clicking on a name allows you to edit a name. This works for all visualized data, including bones or vertex groups, but not for 'nameless' items that draw the links to Hooks, Deform Groups or Constraints.
TODO
This is still version 1.0 of the Outliner. It can offer much more functionality such as;