To generate many particles efficiently, child particles can be created around the regular (parent) particles. These do not need to simulated individually but merely interpolate the positions from the parents. These child particles can be given random variation relative to their parents too. For example for hair editing using child particles from faces is very useful, so that a few thousand parent hairs can be manually edited, and then a hundred or thousand times more can be grown in the final render.
Child particles can be either emitted from faces and then interpolated from nearby parent particles, or created around single parent particles. A separate Amount and Render Amount of number of child particles per parent particle can be set.
When emitting child particles from faces, the particle path or hair shape will be interpolated from nearby parent particles.

With this mode particles will be created around single parent particles.
A number of settings are available to randomize the child particle shape, to give a less uniform and more rough look. Internally these are driven by procedural textures.
Various settings are available for creating kinks and branches, typically used for hair. The different types are Braid, Curl, Radial and Wave.