Blender Reference Manual
  • Getting Started
    • About Blender
      • Introduction
        • Key Features
      • Blender’s History
        • Video: From Blender 1.60 to 2.50
        • Version/Revision Milestones
      • About Free Software and the GPL
      • The Blender Community
        • Who uses Blender?
        • Independent Sites
        • Support
        • Development
        • IRC Channels
        • Other Useful Links
      • About this manual
        • Conventions used
    • Installing Blender
      • Getting Blender
        • Minimum Requirements
        • Download Blender
        • Install Blender
      • Configuring Peripherals
        • Multi-Monitor Setup
        • Graphic Tablets
        • 3D Mice
      • Configuration
        • Language
        • Input
        • File and Paths
      • Configuration and Data Paths
        • Linux
        • OSX
        • Windows
        • Path Layout
    • Basics
      • Interface
        • Overview
        • Window Controls
        • Interface Controls
      • Navigating
        • Introduction
        • 3D View
        • Camera View
      • Transformations
        • Introduction
        • Grab/Move
        • Rotate
        • Scale
        • Transform Control
      • Quick Rendering
        • What is rendering?
        • Rendering an image using ‘’Full Render’’ - Blender Internal
        • Rendering an image using ‘’OpenGL Render’‘
        • Adjusting the resolution
        • Output format and output file
        • Saving your image
        • Rendering an animation using ‘’Full Render’’ - Blender Internal
        • Rendering an animation using ‘’OpenGL Render’‘
        • Showing Only Rendered Objects
        • The purposes of OpenGL Rendering
      • Recovering from mistakes or problems
        • Options for Actions (User Level)
        • Options for Files (System Level)
      • Setting the Startup File
        • Restoring to Factory Settings
      • Blender Screenshots
      • Blender Screencasts
        • Blender Window Dimension
      • Help system
        • General Web-based Help Options
        • Programming Options
        • Diagnostics Options
        • Legacy Version Support
        • Splash Screen
        • Blender Search
        • Tooltips
  • Editors
    • Info
    • Outliner
      • Using the Outliner
      • Selecting and Activating
      • Toggling object-level restrictions
      • Searching
      • Filtering the display
    • Properties
      • Contexts
    • Node Editor
      • Introduction
    • Video Sequence Editor
      • Introduction
      • Overview of the Sequence Editor
        • Using the Sequence Editor
      • Sequence Display Modes
        • Image Preview
        • Luma Waveform
        • Chroma Vectorscope
        • Histogram
      • Sequencer Screen Layout
      • Sequencer Effects
        • Add
        • Subtract Effect
        • Cross and Gamma Cross
        • Multiply
        • Alpha Over, Under, and Over Drop
        • Transform
        • Color
        • Speed Control
        • Multicam Selector
        • Adjustment Layer
      • Sound Editing
        • Options
        • Audio Mixing in the VSE
        • Working with Audio Tracks
        • Animating Audio Track Properties
    • Timeline
    • 3D View
      • Introduction
        • Modes
        • Regions of the 3D View
        • Local View
      • Modes
      • Shading
        • Shading Modes
        • Shading Panel
      • Display
        • Display Panel
        • View Panel
      • Layers
        • Working with Layers
      • 3D Cursor
        • Placement
      • Background Images
        • Settings
  • Data System
    • Introduction
      • Outliner
      • Pack and Unpack Data
        • Unpack Data
    • Datablocks
      • Users (Garbage Collection)
        • Fake User
      • Users (Sharing)
      • Copying and Linking Objects Between Scenes
      • Appending or Linking Across Files
      • Copying and Linking
      • Removing Datablocks
    • Scenes
      • Adding a Scene
      • Linking to a Scene
      • Removing a scene from the file
    • Files
      • Introduction
      • Opening Files
        • Sidebar
        • Options
        • Header
        • Other File Open Options
        • Security
      • Saving Files
        • Save Versions
        • Options
      • Importing and Exporting Files
      • Relative Paths
      • Supported Graphics Formats
        • Image Formats
        • Format Details
      • Supported Video Formats
        • Video Formats
    • Append and Link
      • Proxy Objects
  • Modeling
    • Introduction
      • Mesh Modeling
      • Curve and Surface Modeling
      • Meta Object (Metaball) Modeling
      • Text Modeling
      • Scripted Modeling
    • Objects
      • Object Mode
        • Types of Objects
        • Object Centers
      • Selecting
        • Introduction
        • Selections and the Active Object
        • Point Selection
        • Rectangular or Border Select
        • Lasso Select
        • Circle Select
        • Menu Selection
      • Introduction
        • Object Mode
        • Add
        • Duplicate
        • Join
        • Delete / Erase
        • Translate
        • Rotate
        • Scale
      • Grouping And Parenting Objects
        • Parenting objects
        • Separating Objects
        • Grouping objects
      • Randomize Transform
        • Options
      • Duplication
        • Duplication
        • DupliVerts
        • DupliFaces
        • DupliFrames
        • DupliGroup
    • Meshes
      • Edit Mode
        • Entering Edit Mode
        • Visualization
        • Tool Shelf
        • Properties Shelf
      • Vertices, Edges and Faces
        • Vertices
        • Edges
        • Faces
        • Loops
        • Edge Loops
        • Face Loops
      • Mesh Primitives
        • Plane
        • Cube
        • Circle
        • UV Sphere
        • Icosphere
        • Cylinder
        • Cone
        • Torus
        • Grid
        • Monkey
        • Add-ons
      • Mesh Analysis
        • Overhang
        • Thickness
        • Intersections
        • Distortion
        • Sharp Edges
      • Selecting
        • Selecting Mesh Components
        • Selectable Elements
        • Basic Selection
        • Advanced Selection
        • Selecting Edges
        • Selecting Faces
      • Editing
        • Mesh Editing
        • Basics
        • Vertex Tools
        • Edges
        • Face Tools
        • Deforming
        • Duplicating
        • Subdividing
        • Miscellaneous Editing Tools
        • Retopologizing
        • Sculpt Mode
        • Multires
      • Vertex Groups
        • Vertex Groups
        • Weight Editing
        • Weight Paint Mode
        • Weight Tools
      • Smoothing
        • Mesh Shading
      • Mesh Clean-up
        • Fill Holes
        • Split Non-Planar Faces
        • Delete Loose Geometry
        • Degenerate Dissolve
    • Curves
      • Curves
        • Tutorials
        • Curve Primitives
        • Bezier Curves
        • Curve Properties
        • Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS)
        • Path
      • Curve Selection
        • Select Menu
        • Every Nth
        • Select/Deselect First/Last
        • Select Next/Previous
        • More and Less
      • Editing
        • Curve Editing
        • Advanced
    • Surfaces
      • Surfaces
        • Finding Surface Tools
        • Visualization
        • Surface Structure
      • Surface Selection
        • Select Menu
        • Surface Editing
    • Text
      • Text Objects
        • Editing Text
        • Formatting Text
        • Shape
        • Geometry
      • Text Editing
        • Text Boxes
        • Assigning Materials
    • Metas
      • Meta Objects
        • Primitives
        • Resolution
        • Threshold (Influence)
        • Update
        • Technical Details
        • Underlying Structure
      • Editing Metas
        • Meta Shape
        • Stiffness
        • Negative Influence
        • Hiding Elements
        • Deleting Elements
        • Conversion
        • Object Families
        • Examples
        • Hints
    • Empties
      • Settings
      • Usage and functions
    • Group Instances
      • Visualization
    • Scripts
  • Modifiers
    • Introduction
      • Modifiers
        • Modify
        • Generate
        • Deform
        • Simulate
      • Interface
    • The Stack
      • Example
    • Modify
      • Data Transfer Modifier
        • Options
        • Usage
      • Mesh Cache Modifier
        • Options
        • Hints
      • Normal Edit Modifier
        • Options
        • Usage
      • UV Project Modifier
        • Options
        • Usage
      • UV Warp Modifier
        • Options
        • Usage
      • Vertex Weight Modifiers
        • Common Settings
        • Vertex Weight Edit Modifier
        • Vertex Weight Mix Modifier
        • Vertex Weight Proximity Modifier
        • Examples
        • See Also
    • Generate
      • Array Modifier
        • Options
        • Hints
        • Examples
        • Tutorials
      • Bevel Modifier
        • Options
      • Boolean Modifier
        • Introduction
        • Description
        • Usage
        • Options
        • Materials
        • Other Modifiers
        • Concurrent Operations
        • Face Normals
        • Empty or Duplicated Faces
        • Open Volumes
        • Useful Links
      • Build Modifier
        • Options
      • Decimate Modifier
        • Options
      • Edge Split Modifier
        • Options
        • Examples
      • Mask Modifier
        • Options
      • Mirror Modifier
        • Options
        • Hints
      • Multiresolution Modifier
        • Options
      • Remesh Modifier
        • Options
        • Usage
        • Examples
      • Screw Modifier
        • Options
      • Skin Modifier
        • Options
        • Usage
        • Examples
        • External links
      • Solidify Modifier
        • Options
      • Subdivision Surface Modifier
        • Options
        • Edit Cage
        • Order of the Modifier Stack
        • Control
        • Limitations & Workarounds
        • Performance Considerations
        • Keyboard Shortcuts
      • Triangulate Modifier
        • Options
      • Wireframe Modifier
        • Options
        • Examples
    • Deform
      • Armature Modifier
        • Options
      • Cast Modifier
        • Options
        • Example
      • Corrective Smooth
        • Options
        • Example
      • Curve Modifier
        • Options
        • Example
      • Displace Modifier
        • Options
      • Hook Modifier
        • Options
      • Laplacian Smooth Modifier
        • Options
        • Hints
        • Examples
        • See Also
      • Laplacian Deform Modifier
        • Options
        • Error Messages
        • History
        • See Also
      • Lattice Modifier
        • Options
        • Usage
        • Hints
      • Mesh Deform Modifier
        • Options
        • Hints
        • See Also
      • Shrinkwrap Modifier
        • Options
      • Simple Deform Modifier
        • Options
      • Smooth Modifier
        • Options
        • Algorithm
      • Warp Modifier
        • Options
      • Wave Modifier
        • Options
        • Technical Details and Hints
    • Simulate
      • Explode Modifier
        • Options
      • Ocean Simulation
        • Options
        • Baking
        • Simulation Internals
        • Examples
      • Particle Instance Modifier
        • Options
  • Rigging
    • Introduction
      • Armatures
        • Editing
      • Skinning
      • Posing
    • Armatures
      • Your first armature
      • The armature object
      • Armature chapter overview
    • Armature Panels Overview
      • Skeleton panel (all modes)
      • Display panel (all modes)
      • Bone groups panel (pose mode)
      • Pose Library panel (Pose mode)
      • Ghost panel (all modes)
      • iTaSC parameters panel (all modes)
      • Motion Paths panel (Pose mode)
      • Custom Properties panel (all modes)
        • Bone Panels Overview
      • Relations panel (edit mode)
      • Display panel (object mode)
      • Deform panel (all modes)
      • Custom Properties panel (all modes)
      • Transform panel (edit and pose mode)
      • Transform Locks panel (pose mode)
      • Inverse Kinematics panel (pose mode)
    • Bones
      • Bones Visualization
      • Bones properties
      • Bones Rigidity
      • Bones influence
    • Armature visualization
      • Display Panel
        • Bone types
        • Attributes
        • Shaped Bones
      • Armature Layers
        • Showing/hiding bone layers
        • Protected Layers
      • Bone Layers
        • Moving bones between layers
      • Hiding Bones
    • Armature Structure
      • Chains of Bones
        • Editing Bones Relationships
    • Selecting armature’s bones
      • Selecting bones’ ends
        • Inverse selection
        • Selecting connected bones’ ends
      • Selecting Bones
        • Deselecting connected bones
    • Armature Editing
    • Editing Bones
      • Adding Bones
        • Add Menu
        • Extrusion
        • Mouse Clicks
        • Fill between joints
        • Duplication
      • Deleting Bones
        • Standard deletion
        • Merge
      • Subdividing Bones
      • Locking Bones
      • X-Axis Mirror Editing
      • Separating Bones in a new Armature
    • Editing Bone Properties
      • Transforming Bones
        • Radius and Scaling in Envelope Visualization
        • ScaleB and Envelope
      • Bone Direction
      • Bone Roll
      • Properties
      • Bone Rigidity Settings
      • Chain Editing
      • Naming Bones
        • Naming Conventions
        • Bone name flipping
        • Auto bone naming
    • Skeleton Sketching
      • Drawing Chains
        • Straight Segments
        • Free Segments
      • Selecting Strokes
      • Deleting
      • Modifying Strokes
      • Gestures
        • Cut
        • Delete
        • Reverse
      • Converting to Bones
        • Fixed
        • Adaptative
        • Length
        • Retarget
    • Armature Templating
      • Using Bone Sketching
    • Skinning
    • Objects
    • Skinning to Shapes
      • Parenting to Whole Armatures
      • Common Options
      • Bone Deform Options
        • Envelope
        • Curved Bone
      • Vertex Groups
      • See Also
    • Retargeting
    • Posing
      • Posing Section Overview
    • Visualization
      • Colors
        • Coloring from Bone State
        • Coloring from Bone Group
      • Ghosts
      • Motion Paths
    • Editing Poses
      • Selecting Bones
      • Basic Posing
      • Auto IK
      • Rest Pose
      • In-Betweens
      • Copy/Paste Pose
      • Effects of Bones Relationships
    • Pose Library
      • Intro
      • Pose Library Panel
      • Editing
    • Applying Constraints to Bones
    • Inverse Kinematics
      • Automatic IK
      • IK Contraints
      • Armature IK Panel
      • Bone IK Panel
      • Arm Rig Example
    • Spline IK
      • Basic Setup
        • Settings and Controls
      • Roll Control
      • Offset Controls
      • Thickness Controls
        • Tips for Nice Setups
    • Constraints
      • Introduction
        • Use of Constraints
        • Available Constraints
      • Constraints Common Interface
        • Constraints Header
        • Constraints Settings
        • Influence
      • The Constraints Stack
        • Adding/Removing a Constraint
      • Copy Location Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Copy Rotation Constraint
        • Options
      • Copy Scale Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Copy Transforms Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Limit Distance Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Limit Location Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Limit Rotation Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Limit Scale Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Maintain Volume Constraint
        • Description
        • Option
        • See also
      • Transformation Constraint
        • Options
      • Clamp To Constraint
        • Options
      • Damped Track Constraint
        • Options
      • IK Solver Constraint
        • Options
      • Locked Track Constraint
        • Options
      • Spline IK Constraint
        • Options
      • Stretch To Constraint
        • Options
      • Track To Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Action Constraint
        • Options
        • Notes
      • Child Of Constraint
        • Options
        • Technical Note
        • Examples
      • Floor Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Follow Path Constraint
        • Options
      • Pivot Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
        • Example
      • Rigid Body Joint Constraint
        • Description
        • Options
      • Script Constraints
      • Shrinkwrap Constraint
        • Options
  • Animation
    • Introduction
      • Chapters
        • General Principles and Tools
        • The Graph Editor
        • The Action Editor
        • Animation Techniques
        • Animating Deformation
        • Drivers
        • Animation Basics
        • Animation Editors
        • Categories
    • Key Frames
      • Adding Key Frames
      • Removing Key Frames
      • Editing Key Frames
    • Actions
      • Actions
      • F-Curve Interpolation
      • Basic Animation
        • Insert Keyframes
        • Auto Keyframe
        • Keying Sets
        • Properties
        • Editing
      • Working with Actions
    • Drivers
      • Drivers
      • Drivers Panel
        • Driver Settings
        • Driver Variables
      • Workflow
        • UI
        • Expression
        • Copy Paste
        • Transform Driver
      • Examples
        • Driver Expression
      • Drivers And Multiple Relative Shape Keys
      • Troubleshooting
        • Scripted Expression
        • Rotational Properties are Radians
        • Intra-armature Bone Drivers Can Misbehave
      • See Also
      • Links
    • Keying Sets
      • Keying Set Panel
      • Active Keying Set Panel
      • Adding Properties
    • Markers
      • Pose markers
      • Visualization
        • Standard
        • Sequencer
        • 3D View
      • Creating and Editing Markers
        • Creating Markers
        • Selecting Markers
        • Naming Markers
        • Moving Markers
        • Duplicating Markers
        • Deleting Markers
    • Keyframe Visualization
      • Keyframe Visualization
      • Motion Paths
        • Options
    • Animation Editors
      • The Dopesheet
        • Dope Sheet Modes
        • Interface
      • Action Editor
        • Action Datablocks
        • Channel Menu
      • Dope Sheet
      • Grease Pencil
      • Shape Key
      • Graph Editor
        • Curve Editor Area
        • Header
        • Channels Region
        • Properties Region
        • See Also
      • F-Curves
        • The concept of Interpolation
        • Settings
        • Direction of time
        • Editing Tools
      • F-Curve Modifiers
        • Adding a Modifier
        • Types of Modifiers
      • Non-Linear Animation Editor
        • Tracks
        • Strips
        • Editing Strips
        • Re-Instancing Strips
        • Strip Properties
        • Strip Modifiers
      • The Timeline
        • Timeline Elements
        • Adjusting the View
        • Timeline Header
        • User Preferences
    • The Timeline
      • Timeline Elements
        • Time Cursor
        • Keyframes
        • Markers
      • Adjusting the View
        • Timeline Area
      • Timeline Header
        • View Menu
        • Marker Menu
        • Frame Menu
        • Playback Menu
        • Header Controls
      • User Preferences
    • Graph Editor
      • Curve Editor Area
        • Navigation
        • 2D Cursor
        • View Axes
        • Markers
      • Header
        • Header Controls
      • Channels Region
        • Channel Editing
      • Properties Region
        • View Properties Panel
        • Active F-Curve Panel
        • Active Keyframe Panel
        • Drivers Panel
        • Modifiers Panel
      • See Also
    • F-Curves
      • The concept of Interpolation
      • Settings
        • Interpolation Mode
        • Extrapolation
        • Handle Types
      • Direction of time
      • Editing Tools
        • Transform Snapping
        • Mirror
        • Clean Keyframes
        • Smoothing
        • Sampling and Baking Keyframes
    • F-Curve Modifiers
      • Adding a Modifier
      • Types of Modifiers
        • Generator
        • Built-in Function
        • Envelope
        • Cycles
        • Noise
        • Python
        • Limits
        • Stepped
    • The Dopesheet
      • Dope Sheet Modes
      • Interface
        • View Menu
        • Marker Menu
    • Dope Sheet
    • Action Editor
      • Action Datablocks
      • Channel Menu
    • Shape Key
    • Grease Pencil
    • Non-Linear Animation Editor
      • Tracks
      • Strips
        • Creating Action Strips
        • Creating Transition Strips
        • Grouping Strips into Meta Strips
      • Editing Strips
      • Re-Instancing Strips
      • Strip Properties
        • Renaming Strips
        • Active Track
        • Active Strip
        • Active Action
        • Evaluation
      • Strip Modifiers
    • Techs
    • Object
    • Using Constraints in Animation
      • Controlling Animation with Constraints
        • Example
      • Animating Constraints Influence
    • Moving Objects on a Path
      • Parenting Method
      • The Follow Path Constraint
      • The Clamp To Constraint
    • Shape
    • Shape Keys
      • Introduction
      • Shape Keys Panel
        • Relative Shape Keys
        • Absolute Shape Keys
      • Workflow For Relative Shape Keys
      • Workflow For Absolute Shape Keys
      • More Details On Absolute Shape Keys
      • Shape Key Operators
      • See Also
    • Editing
    • Animating
    • Examples
    • Indirect Animation
    • Armatures
    • Motion Capture
    • Animating Lamps Properties
      • Example
    • Animating Cameras
      • Example
    • Animating Material Attributes
      • Example
  • Physics
    • Introduction to Physics Simulation
      • Gravity
    • Cloth Simulation
      • Description
      • Workflow
      • Creating Cloth Simulations
      • Cloth Panel
        • Material
        • Damping
        • Pinning
        • Pinning Clothing To An Armature
        • Cloth Sewing Springs
      • Collisions
        • Collision Settings
        • Shared Layers
        • Mesh Objects Collide
        • Cloth - Object collisions
        • Mesh Object Modifier Stack
      • Cloth Cache
        • Bake Collision
        • Editing the cached simulation
      • Troubleshooting
      • Examples
        • Using Simulation to Shape/Sculpt a Mesh
        • Smoothing of Cloth
        • Cloth on armature
        • Cloth with animated vertex groups
        • Cloth with Dynamic Paint
        • Using Cloth for Softbodies
        • Cloth with Wind
    • Collisions
      • Options
        • Soft Body and Cloth Interaction
        • Force Field Interaction
        • Examples
        • Hints
    • Dynamic Paint
      • Introduction
        • Activating the modifier
        • Types
        • See also
      • Dynamic Paint Brush
        • Main Panel
        • Source Panel
        • Velocity Panel
        • Waves Panel
      • Dynamic Paint Canvas
        • Main Panel
        • Advanced Panel
        • Output Panel
        • Effects Panel
        • Cache Panel
    • Fluid Simulation
      • Introduction
        • Description
        • Workflow
        • More about the simulation
      • Fluid Domain
        • The Domain Object
        • Domain World
        • Domain Boundary
        • Domain Particles
        • Baking
      • Fluid Object
      • Fluid Obstacle
      • Controlling the fluid volume
        • Inflow
        • Outflow
      • Particle
      • Control
        • Description
        • Examples
        • Options
        • See also
      • Animating the fluid properties
      • Fluid Hints
      • Fluid Technical Details
        • Physical correctness
        • Acknowledgements
      • Fluid Appendix
        • Limitations & Workarounds
        • See also
        • External links
    • Particles
      • Introduction
        • Workflow
        • Creating a Particle System
        • Links
      • Particle Emission
        • Options
      • Particle Physics
        • Introduction
        • Newtonian Physics
        • Keyed Particles
        • Boids
        • Fluid Physics
      • Particle Visualization
        • Viewport Display
        • Render Settings
      • Cache
        • Caching
        • Baking
      • Hair
        • Growing
        • Styling
        • Animating
        • Rendering
        • Options
        • Usage
      • Hair Dynamics
        • Material
        • Damping
        • Quality
      • Children
        • Settings
      • Vertex Groups
        • Examples
      • Particle Mode
        • Usage
        • Using Particle Mode
    • Smoke Simulation
      • Introduction
        • Development notes
        • Inner working
        • User workflow
      • Smoke Domain
        • Creating the Domain
        • Generic options
        • Smoke Groups options
        • Smoke High Resolution options
        • Smoke Field Weights options
      • Smoke Flow object
        • Create a Flow Object
        • Settings
      • Collisions
        • Forces
      • Smoke Material
        • Create the Material
        • Add the Texture
        • Extending the Smoke Simulator: Fire!
      • Baking Smoke Simulations
      • Smoke Appendix
        • Troubleshooting
        • External links
    • Soft Body
      • Introduction
        • Typical scenarios for using Soft Bodies
        • Creating a Soft Body
        • Simulation Quality
        • Cache and Bake
        • Interaction in real time
        • Tips
        • Links
      • Exterior Forces
        • Example
        • Soft Body Panel
        • Force Fields
        • Aerodynamics
        • Using a Goal
      • Interior Forces
        • Edges Settings
      • Collisions
        • Collisions with other objects
        • Self Collision
      • Simple examples
        • bouncing cube
        • result
      • Combination With Armatures
      • Combination With Hair Particles
      • Soft Body settings
        • Soft Body
        • Soft Body Cache
        • Soft Body Goal
        • Soft Body Edges
        • Soft Body Self Collision
        • Soft Body Solver
    • Rigid Body
      • Introduction
        • Creating a Rigid Body
      • Rigid Body Properties
        • Main properties
        • Rigid Body Collisions
        • Rigid Body Dynamics
      • Rigid Body World
        • Rigid Body caching and baking
        • External Force Infuence on Rigid Body
      • Rigid Body Constraints
        • Constraint Types
        • Constraint options and settings
        • Fixed
        • Point
        • Hinge
        • Slider
        • Piston
        • Generic
        • Generic Spring
        • Motor
      • Tips
        • Animation
        • Simulation Stability
        • Combining Rigid Bodies with Other Simulations
        • Scaling Rigid Bodies
    • Force Fields
      • Creating a Force Field
      • Common Field Settings
        • Falloff
      • Field Types
        • Force
        • Wind
        • Vortex Field
        • Magnetic
        • Harmonic
        • Charge
        • Lennard-Jones
        • Texture field
        • Curve Guide
        • Boid
        • Turbulence
        • Drag
        • Links
    • Converting Game Engine Physics
    • Performance
      • OpenMP (Mac OSX)
        • Suboptimal baking performance
        • Solution
        • Steps to use the applescript
  • Rendering
    • Introduction
      • Workflow
      • Render Engines
    • Blender Render Engine
      • Materials
        • Introduction to Materials
        • Assigning a Material
        • Multiple Materials
        • Introduction to Properties
        • Material Preview
        • Diffuse Shaders
        • Specular Shaders
        • Color Ramps
        • Shading
        • Transparency
        • Mirror Reflections
        • Subsurface Scattering
        • Strands
        • Options
        • Shadows
        • Game Settings
        • Game Physics
        • Nodes
        • Node Editor
        • Node Controls
        • Using Nodes
        • Node Groups
        • Types of Material Nodes
        • Material Input Nodes
        • Material Output Node
        • Material Color Nodes
        • Material Vector Nodes
        • Material Convertor Nodes
        • Options
        • Vertex Painting
        • Wire Render
        • Volume Rendering
        • Halo Rendering
      • Textures
        • Introduction to Textures
        • Assigning a Texture
        • Textures common options
        • UV Image Editor
        • Texture types
        • Procedural Textures
        • Procedural textures: Blend
        • Procedural textures: Clouds
        • Procedural textures: Distorted Noise
        • Procedural textures: Magic
        • Procedural textures: Marble
        • Procedural textures: Musgrave
        • Procedural textures: Noise
        • Procedural textures: Stucci
        • Procedural textures: Voronoi
        • Procedural textures: Wood
        • Image Textures
        • Video Textures
        • Texture Nodes
        • Node Editor
        • Node Controls
        • Using Nodes
        • Node Groups
        • Input Nodes
        • Output Nodes
        • Texture Color Nodes
        • Pattern Nodes
        • Texture Nodes
        • Texture Convertor Nodes
        • Distort Nodes
        • Volume Textures
        • Voxel Data
        • Point Density Texture
        • Ocean
        • Texture Painting
        • Projection Texture Painting
        • Texture Mapping
        • Environment Maps
        • UV Mapping
        • UV Image Editor
        • UV Mapping a Mesh
        • Managing UV Maps
        • Editing UVs
        • Applying Textures
        • Influence
        • Material Textures Influence
        • Texture Blending Modes
        • Bump and Normal Maps
        • Displacement Maps
        • World
        • Particles
      • Lighting
        • Introduction
        • Lights
        • Shadows
        • Volumetric Lighting
        • Lamps
        • Environment Lighting
        • Ambient Occlusion
        • Indirect Lighting
        • Exposure and Range
      • World
        • Introduction
        • World Background
        • Mist
      • Render Layers
        • Include Options
      • Render Passes
        • Render Passes In Detail
        • Selecting Render Passes
        • Excluding Render Passes
        • Using Render Passes
        • Conclusion
      • Motion Blur
        • Sampled Motion Blur
        • Vector Blur
        • Examples
        • Hints
      • Anti-Aliasing
        • Options
        • Filtering
        • Filter Size
        • Examples
      • Render Quality
        • Color Management and Exposure
        • Anti-Aliasing
        • Exposure (Lighting)
        • Motion Blur
      • Performance Considerations
        • Optimizing Render Performance
        • Hardware Improvements
        • Operating System Configuration
        • Blender Settings
        • Scene and Specific Objects
        • Render Settings
        • Multi-Pass Compositing
    • Cycles Render Engine
      • Introduction
      • Render Settings
        • Integrator
        • Light Paths
        • Render Layers and Passes
      • Materials
        • Introduction
        • Displacement
        • Surface
        • Volume
        • Texture Editing
      • Nodes
        • Introduction
        • Input Nodes
        • Output Nodes
        • Shader Nodes
        • Texture Nodes
        • More Nodes
      • World
        • Surface Shader
        • Volume Shader
        • Ambient Occlusion
        • Sampling
        • Ray Visibility
        • Tricks
      • Lamps
        • Point Lamp
        • Spot Lamp
        • Area Lamp
        • Sun Lamp
      • Camera
        • Perspective
        • Orthographic
        • Panoramic
        • Depth of Field
        • Clipping
      • Reducing Noise
        • Path Tracing
        • Where Noise Comes From
        • Bounces
        • Caustics and Filter Glossy
        • Light Falloff
        • Sample as Lamp
        • Glass and Transparent Shadows
        • Window Lights
        • Clamp Fireflies
      • Features
        • Experimental Features
      • GPU Rendering
        • Introduction
        • Configuration
        • Supported Features and Limitations
        • Frequently Asked Questions
        • Error Messages
      • Open Shading Language
        • Script Node
        • Writing Shaders
        • Closures
        • Attributes
        • Trace
      • Render Baking
        • Options
        • Additional Options
    • Camera
      • Introduction
        • Add a New Camera
        • Changing the Active Camera
        • Camera Settings
        • Camera Navigation
      • Camera Lens
        • Lens Types
        • Shift
        • Clipping
      • Safe Areas
        • Main Safe Areas
        • Center-Cuts
    • Displaying and Saving Images
      • Displaying Renders
      • Saving
      • Display Options
      • Animation Playback
    • Output Options
      • Dimensions
        • Presets
      • Output Panel
    • Video Output
      • Preparing your work for video
      • Dimensions Presets
      • Pixel Aspect Ratio
      • Color Saturation
      • Rendering to fields
        • Options
        • Home-made Render Farm
    • Post Processed Effects
      • Render Layers
        • Layer List
        • Layer Panel
        • Using Render Layers
      • Edge (Toon) Rendering
        • Options
        • Examples
      • Metadata
      • Color Management
        • Scene Linear Color Space
        • Settings
        • Image Files
        • OpenColorIO Configuration
        • Compatibility
        • See Also
    • Freestyle
      • Introduction
        • What is FreeStyle?
        • The Big Picture
        • Known Limitations
      • Core Options
      • Viewmaps
        • Advanced Options
      • Parameter Editor
        • Introduction to Parameter Editor
        • Line Set
        • Line Style & Modifiers
        • Stroke
        • Color
        • Alpha
        • Thickness
        • Geometry
      • Python Scripting Mode
        • Writing Style Modules
      • Freestyle SVG Exporter
        • Options
        • Exportable Properties
        • Animations
      • Links
        • Videos
        • Video Tutorials
        • Tutorials
    • Workflows
      • Rendering Animations
        • Workflow
        • Frame Sequence Workflow
        • Hints
      • Command Line
        • Platforms
        • Examples
      • Render Baking
        • Options
        • Workflow
      • Multi-View Render
        • Introduction
        • Views Setup
        • Camera
        • Viewport
        • Stereo 3D Display
        • OpenGL Preview
        • Rendering and Image Editor
        • Image Formats
        • Final Considerations
        • Window Stereo 3D Display
        • Stereo 3D Camera
        • Viewport Stereo 3D
        • Multi-View and Stereo 3D Image I/O
        • Image Editor
        • Compositor
  • Compositing
    • Introduction
      • Accessing and Activating Nodes
      • Examples
    • Editor
      • Buttons for work with Compositing nodes
        • Free Unused Button
        • Backdrop
        • Auto Render
      • Perfomance for Compositing Nodes in Node Editor
    • Node Controls
      • Collapsing toggles
      • Resizing the node
      • Sockets
    • Using Nodes
      • Adding Nodes
      • Arranging Nodes
      • Connecting nodes
      • Disconnecting nodes
      • Duplicating a node
    • Node Groups
      • Grouping Nodes
      • Editing Node Groups
      • Ungrouping Nodes
      • Appending Node Groups
    • Types of Nodes
      • Input Nodes
        • Render Layers Node
        • Image node
        • Movie Clip
        • Mask
        • RGB node
        • Value node
        • Texture Node
        • Bokeh Image
        • Time node
        • Track Position
      • Output Nodes
        • Composite
        • Viewer
        • SplitViewer Node
        • File Output Node
        • Levels Node
      • Color Nodes
        • Mix Node
        • AlphaOver Node
        • Invert
        • RGB Curves Node
        • Hue Saturation Node
        • Color Balance
        • Hue Correct
        • Bright/Contrast
        • Gamma
        • Color Correction
        • Tone Map
        • Z-Combine Node
      • Converter Nodes
        • Math Node
        • ColorRamp Node
        • Set Alpha Node
        • Alpha Convert
        • ID Mask Node
        • RGB to BW Node
        • Combine/Separate Nodes
      • Filter Nodes
        • Blur Node
        • Bilateral Blur Node
        • Dilate/Erode Node
        • Despeckle
        • Filter Node
        • Bokeh Blur
        • Vector (Motion) Blur Node
        • Defocus
        • Glare
        • Inpaint
        • Directional Blur Node
        • Pixelate
        • Sun Beams
      • Vector Nodes
        • Normal Node
        • Map Value Node
        • Map Range
        • Normalize
        • Vector Curves Node
      • Matte Nodes
        • Keying
        • Keying Screen
        • Channel Key Node
        • Color Spill Node
        • Box Mask
        • Ellipse Mask
        • Luminance Key Node
        • Difference Key Node
        • Distance Key
        • Chroma Key Node
        • Color Key
        • Double Edge Mask
      • Distort Nodes
        • Scale Node
        • Lens Distortion
        • Movie Distortion
        • Translate Node
        • Rotate Node
        • Flip Node
        • Crop Node
        • Displace Node
        • Map UV Node
        • Transform Node
        • Stabilize 2D
        • Plane Track Deform
        • Corner Pin
      • Layout Nodes
        • Frame Node
        • Reroute Node
        • Switch Node
  • Motion Tracking
    • Introduction
    • Getting started
      • Supervised 2D tracking
      • Manual lens calibration using grease pencil and/or grid
      • Camera and object motion solving
      • Basic tools for scene orientation and stabilization
      • Basic nodes for compositing scene into real footage
      • Not implemented tools
    • Manual
      • Movie Clip Editor
        • Tools available in tracking mode
        • Marker panel
        • Track panel
        • Solve panel
        • Cleanup Panel
        • Clip Panel
        • Properties available in tracking mode
        • Grease Pencil Panel
        • Objects Panel
        • Track Panel
        • Camera Data Panel
        • Display Panel
        • Tracking Settings Panel
        • Marker Panel
        • Proxy / Timecode Panel
        • Tools available in reconstruction mode
  • Grease Pencil
    • Introduction
    • Drawing With Grease Pencil
      • Drawing
        • Grease Pencil Mode and Shortcut Summary
        • Sketching Sessions
      • Appearance Settings
      • Drawing Settings
      • Editing
        • Edit Mode
        • Select
        • Edit
      • Sensitivity When Drawing
        • Additional Notes For Tablet Users
    • Layers
      • Animation of the Sketches
        • Onion Skinning
        • Adjusting Timing of Sketches
        • Copying Sketches
    • Converting Sketches to Objects
      • General Options
        • Timing
      • Example
    • Ruler and Protractor
      • Usage
      • Shortcuts
  • Game Engine
    • Introduction to Game Engine
    • Game Logic Screen Layout
    • Logic
      • Introduction
        • Logic Bricks
        • Properties
        • States
      • Logic Editor
      • Sensors
        • Introduction
        • Sensor Editing
        • Sensor Common Options
        • Actuator sensor
        • Always Sensor
        • Collision sensor
        • Delay sensor
        • Joystick sensor
        • Keyboard Sensor
        • Message Sensor
        • Mouse sensor
        • Near sensor
        • Property Sensor
        • Radar Sensor
        • Random sensor
        • Ray Sensor
        • Touch sensor
      • Controllers
        • Introduction
        • Controller Editing
        • AND Controller
        • OR Controller
        • NAND Controller
        • NOR Controller
        • XOR Controller
        • XNOR Controller
        • Expression Controller
        • Python Controller
      • Actuators
        • Introduction
        • Actuator Editing
        • Actuator Common Options
        • Filter 2D Actuator
        • Action Actuator
        • Camera Actuator
        • Constraints Actuator
        • Edit Object Actuator
        • Game Actuator
        • Message Actuator
        • Motion Actuator
        • Parent Actuator
        • Property Actuator
        • Random Actuator
        • Scene Actuator
        • Sound Actuator
        • State Actuator
        • Steering Actuator
        • Visibility Actuator
      • Properties
        • Property Types
      • States
        • How States Operate
        • Editing States
    • Camera
      • Camera
        • Default Camera
        • Camera Object
        • Parent Camera to Object
        • Parent to Vertex
        • Object as a Camera
        • Camera Lens Shift
      • Camera Editing
        • Embedded Player
        • Standalone Player
        • Stereo
        • Shading
        • Performance
        • Display
      • Stereo Camera
        • Stereo Settings
        • Stereo Modes
      • Dome Camera
        • Dome Camera Settings
    • Physics
      • Blender Game Physics
        • Global Options
        • Object Physics
        • Physics Type
        • Material Physics
        • Constraints
        • Visualizing Physics
        • Mesh Deformations
        • Digging Deeper
        • Recording to Keyframes
        • Exporting
      • World Physics
        • World
        • Game Physics
        • Obstacle Simulation
      • Material
      • Static Physics Object Type
        • Options
        • Collision Bounds
        • Create Obstacle
        • All Types
      • No Collision Physics Object Type
        • Options
        • All Types
      • Dynamic Physics Object Type
        • Options
        • Collision Bounds
        • Create Obstacle
        • All Types
      • Rigid Body Physics Object Type
        • Options
        • Collision Bounds
        • Create Obstacle
        • All Types
      • Soft Body Physics Object Type
        • Options
        • Hints
        • Sensors
        • Goal Weights
        • Force Fields
        • All Types
      • Vehicle Controller
        • Introduction
        • How it works
        • How to use
      • Occlude Object Type
        • Details
        • Recommendations
      • Sensor
        • Settings
        • Collision Bounds
    • Performance
      • Introduction
      • System
        • Options
      • Display
        • Options
      • Introduction
        • Settings
        • Tools
    • Python API
      • Introduction
      • Bullet physics Python API
      • The VideoTexture module: bge.texture
        • How it works
        • Game preparation
        • First example
        • Advanced demos
    • Standalone Player
    • Licensing of Blender Games
      • Standalone Games
      • More Information
  • Extending Blender
    • Extending Blender
      • Add-ons
      • Scripts
      • Saving your own scripts
        • File location
        • Installation
    • Blender, Python Manual
      • Introduction
      • General information
      • Getting Started - Wiki tutorials
      • Getting Started - External links
    • Add-ons
      • Searching
      • Enabling and Disabling
      • Installation of a 3rd party Add-on
      • File locations
      • Development guidelines
    • Why another Python tutorial?
      • What is Programming?
      • What is Python?
      • Python Interpreter
      • Hello World
        • Exercise
    • The Console Editor Type
      • Usage
        • Accessing Built-in Python Console
        • First look at the Console Environment
        • Auto Completion at work
        • Before tinkering with the modules..
      • Examples
        • bpy.context
        • bpy.data
        • bpy.ops
    • The Text Editor
      • Other usages for the Text window
        • Demonstration
        • Exercise
    • Introduction
      • Geometry
        • How can I generate a mesh object using the API?
        • How do I apply a modifier using the API?
        • How do I get the world coordinates of a control vertex of a BezierCurve?
        • How do I select/deselect the control points of a Curve
      • Materials
        • How to link a mesh/object to a material?
      • Customization
        • How do I automate custom hotkeys?
    • Scripting & Security
      • Scripts in Blend Files
        • Auto Execution
        • Manual Execution
      • Controlling Script Execution
        • Setting Defaults
        • Command Line
    • Blender’s Python API
      • Scripts
  • User Preferences
    • Introduction
      • Open User Preferences
      • Configure
      • Save the new preferences
      • Load Factory Settings
    • Interface
      • Display
      • View manipulation
      • 2D Viewports
      • Manipulator
      • Menus
    • Editing
      • Link Materials To
      • New objects
      • Undo
      • Grease Pencil
      • Playback
      • Keyframing
      • Transform
      • Sculpt Overlay Color
      • Duplicate Data
    • Input
      • Managing presets
      • Adding and deleting presets
      • Selecting presets
      • Setting presets to default
      • Export/Import key configuration
      • Mouse
      • Graphic Tablets
      • Numpad emulation
      • View manipulation
      • Keymap editor
    • Add-ons
    • Themes
    • File Preferences
      • File Paths
        • Scripts Path
      • Auto Execution
      • Save & Load
      • Auto Save
    • System preferences
      • General
      • Sound
      • Screencast
      • Compute Device
      • Open GL
      • Window Draw Method
      • Text Draw Options
      • Textures
      • Sequencer/Clip Editor
      • Solid OpenGL lights
      • Color Picker Type
      • Custom Weight Paint Range
      • International Fonts
  • Advanced
    • Command Line Arguments
      • Render Options
      • Format Options
      • Animation Playback Options
      • Window Options
      • Game Engine Specific Options
      • Python Options
      • Debug Options
      • Misc Options
      • Other Options
      • Experimental features
      • Argument Parsing
      • Argument Order
      • Environment Variables
  • Troubleshooting
    • Startup
      • Crash on Startup
    • 3D Viewport
      • Drawing
        • Depth Buffer Glitches
      • Performance
        • Slow Drawing
        • Slow Selection
      • Navigation
        • Lost in Space
        • Invisible Limit Zooming In
      • Tools
        • Invalid Selection
    • Graphics Hardware
    • Crashes
  • Glossary
  • About this Manual
    • About the Blender Manual
      • Organization and Process
      • Communication
      • License
    • Contribute
      • How It Works
      • Install and Build
      • Make Your Changes
      • Submit Patches
      • Commit Directly
    • Install
      • Linux
        • Installing Dependencies
        • Downloading the Repository
        • Setting up the Build Environment
        • Building the HTML Files
      • OSX
        • Installing Dependencies
        • Downloading the Repository
        • Setting up the Build Environment
        • Building the HTML Files
      • Windows
        • Installing Python
        • Installing SVN and Downloading the Repository
        • Setting up the Build Environment
        • Building the HTML Files
    • Markup Style Guide
      • Conventions
      • Headings
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      • Interface Elements
      • Code Samples
      • Images
        • Files
        • Usage Guides
      • Videos
        • Usage Guides
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      • Cross References and Linkage
      • Directory layout
        • Table of Contents
      • Further Reading
    • Writing Style Guide
      • Primary Goals
      • Content Guidelines
    • Translations
    • MediaWiki to Sphinx Migration
      • Comparisons
        • MediaWiki
        • Sphinx/reStructuredText
      • Barrier of Entry
      • Conclusion
 
Blender Reference Manual
  • Docs »
  • Editors »
  • Video Sequence Editor
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Video Sequence EditorΒΆ

  • Introduction
  • Overview of the Sequence Editor
    • Using the Sequence Editor
      • Adding Strips
        • Add Movies or Images
        • Add Scene
        • Add Audio
      • Adding Effects
      • Strip Properties
        • Edit Strip Panel
        • Effect Strip
        • Strip Input
        • Filter
        • Proxy Strip Properties Panel
        • Sound
        • Scene
      • Adjusting the View
        • Scrubbing
        • View Modes
        • Scene Preview
        • View Settings
        • Refresh View
      • Selecting Strips
      • Moving and Modifying Strips
        • Snap to Frame
        • Separate Images to Strips
        • Editing Strips
        • Copy and Paste
        • Meta Strips
  • Sequence Display Modes
    • Image Preview
    • Luma Waveform
    • Chroma Vectorscope
    • Histogram
  • Sequencer Screen Layout
  • Sequencer Effects
    • Add
    • Subtract Effect
    • Cross and Gamma Cross
      • Fade to Black
    • Multiply
    • Alpha Over, Under, and Over Drop
      • Wipe
      • Glow
    • Transform
    • Color
    • Speed Control
      • Creating a Slow-Motion Effect
      • Keyframing the Speed Control
      • Changing Video Frame Rates
    • Multicam Selector
    • Adjustment Layer
  • Sound Editing
    • Options
    • Audio Mixing in the VSE
    • Working with Audio Tracks
    • Animating Audio Track Properties
      • Output
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